White Counselor Trainees\u27 Racial Identity and Working Alliance Perceptions

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross-racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). This study examined the direct impact of White racial identity of 124 counselor trainees on working alliance formation in a same-racial and cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. Regardless of the race of the client, disintegration and reintegration attitudes negatively affected working alliance ratings, and pseudoindependent and autonomy attitudes positively affected working alliance ratings. Implications for counseling, supervision, training, and research are discussed

White Counselor Trainees\u27 Racial Identity and Working Alliance Perceptions

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross-racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). This study examined the direct impact of White racial identity of 124 counselor trainees on working alliance formation in a same-racial and cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. Regardless of the race of the client, disintegration and reintegration attitudes negatively affected working alliance ratings, and pseudoindependent and autonomy attitudes positively affected working alliance ratings. Implications for counseling, supervision, training, and research are discussed

Chronic Effects of Lead Exposure on Atherinops Affinis (topsmelt): Influence of Salinity and Organism Age

Pb (lead) appears in the environment as a consequence of both natural and anthropogenic processes. Mining, smelting, coal burning, lead acid batteries, and cement manufacturing substantially release Pb into aquatic environments. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of salinity and organism age on chronic toxicity of Pb to Atherinops affinis (topsmelt) in support of development of a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Species sensitivity distributions assist in ecological risk assessments and establishing quality criteria for contaminants. Three chronic exposure studies were conducted for 28 days in a water flow-through testing system. Survival, standard length, dry weight, and tissue Pb concentration were measured and lethal concentrations (LC), effective concentrations (EC), and bioconcentration factor (BCF) were calculated. In general, increasing salinity and organism age decreased Pb toxicity. The 28-day LC50 values for larval fish at 14 and 28 parts per thousand (ppt) salinity were 15.1 and 79.8 µg/L dissolved Pb, respectively, whereas the 28-d LC50 for juvenile fish was 167.6 µg/L dissolved Pb at 28 ppt salinity. Using standard length, the EC10 values for larval fish were 16.6 and 82.3 µg/L dissolved Pb at low and high salinity, respectively. The dry weight EC25 for low and high salinity were 15.6 and 46.9 µg/L dissolved Pb, respectively. The BCF was higher with the lower salinity study (2.00) in comparison to the higher salinity study (0.73). This is likely due to competition between salt ions and Pb at biotic ligand binding sites as well as lowered Pb speciation rates

Thermal stresses and movements in bridges

A state of the art regarding the thermal behavior of bridges and considerations to be given to the resultant thermal effects is presented. The results of studies related to the thermal effects on bridges are reviewed. Studies attempting to relate environmental factors to bridge temperatures, and subsequently to bridge movements and stresses, indicate that the task is extremely complex. Some correlation has been made between equations predicting bridge temperatures and movements based on weather bureau records. However, further research is needed to evaluate the effects of factors other than temperature, such as creep, shrinkage, and humidity on bridge movements and stresses --Abstract, page iii

Simulational studies of epitaxial semiconductor superlattices: Quantum dynamical phenomena in ac and dc electric fields

Using high-accuracy numerical methods we investigate the dynamics of independent electrons in both ideal and realistic superlattices subject to arbitrary ac and/or dc electric fields. For a variety of superlattice potentials, optically excited initial wave packets, and combinations of ac and dc electric fields, we numerically solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. In the case of ideal periodic superlattice potentials, we investigate a long list of dynamical phenomena involving multiple miniband transitions and time-dependent electric fields. These include acceleration effects associated with interminiband transitions in strong fields, Zener resonances between minibands, dynamic localization with ac fields, increased single-miniband transport with an auxiliary resonant ac field, and enhanced or suppressed interminiband probability exchange using an auxiliary ac field. For all of the cases studied, the resulting time-dependent wave function is analyzed by projecting the data onto convenient orthonormal bases. This allows a detailed comparison with approximate analytic treatments;In an effort to explain the rapid decay of experimentally measured Bloch oscillation (BO) signals we incorporate a one-dimensional representation of interface roughness (IR) into our superlattice potential. We show that as a result of IR, the electron dynamics can be characterized in terms of many discrete, incommensurate frequencies near the Bloch frequency. The interference effects associated with these frequencies cause a substantial decrease in amplitude of the signal after several Bloch periods. We suggest that this is an important source of coherence loss in BO signals at low temperature and low carrier density. We also propose an experimental method that should significantly reduce the effects of IR by exciting electrons to only a single layer of the superlattice. This is accomplished by doping the central GaAs layer with a very small amount (\u3c1%) of In, thus reducing the energy gap for this layer. Thus, a laser excitation pulse tuned somewhat below the nominal electron-hole excitation energy, will only excite a few Wannier-Stark eigenstates associated with this In-doped layer. Our numerical simulations show that the THz signal from electrons optically excited using this novel procedure is nearly free from all inhomogeneous broadening associated with IR

Investigating the link between defective DNA end-processing and human neurological disease

DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) are the most commonly occurring type of DNA damage arising in a cell and they are repaired by rapid repair pathways collectively termed single-strand break repair (SSBR). Recently several rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorders with mutations in genes associated with SSBR, spinocerebellar ataxia and axonal neuropathy-1 (SCAN1), ataxia oculomotor apraxia-1 (AOA1) and microcephaly with early onset seizures and developmental delay (MCSZ), have been discovered. A striking aspect that these disorders have in common is that they are all caused by mutations in end-processing factors. The majority of SSBs that arise via endogenous damage have ‘dirty’ termini and require end-processing to restore DNA ends with conventional ‘ligatable’ chemistry. Another common feature of these end-processing enzymes is their association with XRCC1, a scaffolding protein that is a core component of SSBR. Complete loss of XRCC1 is embryonically lethal and the conditional deletion of XRCC1 in the developing mouse brain leads to persistent DNA damage, cerebellar interneurons loss and abnormal hippocampal function resulting in behavioural abnormalities such as seizures and episodic epilepsy. Taken together these observations suggest that neural cells are exquisitely sensitive to defects in chromosomal SSBR. In my thesis, I will describe biochemical and cellular data on lymphoblastoid and fibroblast cell lines derived from patients with mutations in the end-processing factors aprataxin (APTX is mutated in AOA1). I will include data showing that aprataxin is required for the short-patch SSBR of abortive ligation intermediates in vitro and that repair arrests in AOA1 cell lines due to insufficient levels of non-adenylated DNA ligase

Social Emotional Skills in Adventure Education: A Qualitative Study on the Connection of Adventure Education Participation and Social Emotional Skills in High School Students

The purpose of this study was to examine possible connections between participation in an Adventure Education (AE) course and social-emotional skills (SEL) in a group of high school students during their junior and senior years. Six participants agreed to a one-on-one, open-ended, interview to determine their experiences from taking a 5-6 week AE course. Those experiences were then explored for relativity to SEL. A phenomenological approach gained an understanding of the participant’s experience throughout the course. Findings indicated, through participation in the course, participants experienced impacts on self-confidence and self-awareness, and shared experiences of changes in empathy and connectivity to their group community. It was further determined those impacts from the experience aligned, to a varying extent, with the five core competencies of SEL. Further research is required to determine if AE programs are a viable way to provide SEL programming to adolescents

Efficient In Vitro Development of Photoreceptors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Degeneration of the rod and cone photoreceptors in the human retina is among the most common causes of blindness. Replacing these damaged photoreceptors may help to restore vision. Repairing the damaged retina relies on the insertion of new, healthy cells. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are two possible sources of photoreceptors to restore vision. Previous data shows that human ES cells and iPS cells can be differentiated into photoreceptors and transplanted into the eye to restore some vision. However, this process is inefficient, and costly. Here, we show a new method for inducing photoreceptor production from undifferentiated cells through the use of small molecules. Additionally, we aim to mimic retinal degenerations through oxidative stress to examine diseases such as diabetic retinopathy

One Small Step: An Analysis of International Space Law and How it Effects Historic Preservation

From 1969 to 1972 NASA\u27s Apollo Program successfully completed six separate manned lunar landings. Since 1972 there has been no human presence on the Moon. The lunar landing sites of Apollo\u27s 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 have sat in situ for forty years in the absolute zero vacuum of outer space. As the next phase of lunar exploration draws closer, it is important to protect the Apollo Lunar Landing Sites from exploration and damage because of their importance to human cultural heritage. This thesis assesses the international treaties that govern outer space, the Moon, and other celestial bodies and interprets whether they allow for the legal protection of human archeological sites in extraterrestrial settings. This thesis explains that is it not impossible, however extremely complicated to protect the Apollo Lunar Landing Sites because of these international laws. However, preservation on a national level is legally possible and explained in detail